Tuesday, 27 September 2016

Motivational Styles and MOOC Learners

The following is a brief reflection on how learning motivation styles influence lifelong learners' approach MOOCs and, in particular, how motivation styles affect their approach to assessments.

Conner (2014) describes motivational styles related to learning in three categories: learning-oriented, goal-oriented and relationship-oriented as follows:If you are learning-oriented, the practice of learning, itself, drives you. You search for knowledge because learning delights you and you may become frustrated by anything that requires you to spend more time following procedures than on actual learning. If you are goal-oriented, you probably reach for your goals through a direct and obvious route. This might lead you to a reference book, a browser, or to call an expert—whatever means is available. You usually prefer meeting in person when it’s the most effective method and don’t find learning, itself, much fun. If you are relationship-oriented, you take part in learning mainly for social contact. When you meet and interact with people, you learn things along the way. You may not like working independently or focusing on topics (separately from the people) because that doesn’t give you the interactivity you crave  (Conner, 2014, p.2).

How might motivation styles influence learning in MOOCs? For this question I will focus on lifelong learners who choose to follow MOOCs. These learners are likely to be learning-oriented and goal-oriented people because they need to be very focused on the topic that they have chosen in order to persist in these free online courses. For people who are curious, the MOOC experience offers a choice of a wide range of topics and, with relatively little effort, one gets access to good instructors, well-curated reference materials, and enjoyable assessment activities. If you are learning-oriented you may or may not care about a certificate, or even finishing the course, because you ‘mine’ the course modules for what interests you and move on. If you are more goal-oriented, you may enjoy completing all the assessment activities, including interaction with others through the discussion forums, and, when you successfully finish, you end up with a certificate.

What role does motivation plays in MOOC assessmentsGoal-oriented people appreciate assessments especially when they are summative assessments as they can see and touch a tangible product (certificate or badge) confirming their learning. Learning-oriented people appreciate formative assessments such as online quizzes because they help them to self-assess their learning achievements and gaps. Whereas relationship-oriented people appreciate discussion groups, which in MOOCs are usually through discussion forums within the LMS, as these interactions help them with learning.

Reference

Conner, M. (2014). What is your motivation style? Retrieved from  http://marciaconner.com/assess/motivationstyle/

Wednesday, 21 September 2016

Module 1-- Journal, Project Reflection: Lifelong Learning in The Glebe -- "Develop Your Research Project" MOOC

What will be taught, to whom and why? 
My intention is to create an innovative approach to lifelong learning by experimenting with organizing groups of adults to work together through existing free-to-learners online courses such as MOOCs. Learners will follow the online activities mainly on an independent basis and meet in-person weekly in groups to review learning materials, discuss related topics and peer-review assignments. The group members will use a peer-learning approach, sharing their expertise, as well as their experience with the course content and exercises.
The Context
The audience that I will be addressing in my project are adults living in a residential community in Ottawa, Canada, known as The Glebe. The Glebe has a population of 11,180 (2010). Of those aged 25-64 years almost all (89.7 %) have some post-secondary education.  About 25 % are not in the labour force; whereas only 5% are unemployed. 68.8 % are employed. (Retrieved from http://neighbourhoodstudy.ca/glebe-dows-lake/). The one-quarter of the population not in the labour force likely comprises a combination of retired older people, stay-at-home parents of young children and post-secondary students. 
In order to narrow down the group of potential learners I have preselected a MOOC course developed and presented by the University of Southhampton on the FutureLearn platform entitled “Developing Your Research Project”. In this course
  • by the end of eight weeks you could reasonably aim to have:
  •  considered whether undertaking a research project really is for you
  • picked a topic, created a draft hypothesis and some research questions
  • written a draft research proposal (around 200 words)
  • considered what research methodologies you will be using and updated your research proposal to reflect this
  • written a summary of your updated research proposal (FutureLearn, 2015)

This course is live for 8 weeks from 12 September to 31 October 2016 and therefore I can benefit from observing (and participating) in the course with a global online set of learners. This experience will be used in my design, while implementation will take place during a future offering of the course.

Based on my observations of the first week and the introductions by the current cohort, and my knowledge of The Glebe community, the profile of the learners who will join the proposed face-to-face group will have similar characteristics to the ones currently studying online. The main difference is that the online course has a high proportion of high school students, whereas for the face-to-face session students at the high school level will not be targeted as they are likely to have the support they need already through their high school.

The adult learners’ profile and why they might join the course and participate in the face-to-face weekly sessions is described below.
University or college level students at undergraduate or graduate levels interested in honing skills for their current studies (to improve marks) or to acquire research skills that might be useful for future employment.
Teachers (mainly university or college level) for skill upgrading in research related to a wide range of content areas.
Professional workers, in any field, to develop or hone their research skills possibly related to advancement in the workplace.  The types of professions mentioned by current online students in the course are: Family Health Nurse, Medical Researcher, Health Science volunteer, Humanitarian worker, Guidance Officers in education, College Librarian (FutureLearn, 2015). Adults with similar professions live in The Glebe.
Independent researchers in any field. The types of researchers that could be interested, also based on the range seen in the current online MOOC, include ‘seniors’ interested to work jointly on a research project, and adults of all ages preparing to return to post-secondary education, considering finishing up an incomplete dissertation, completing genealogy research, developing skills in writing up research to publish in journals, etc. (FutureLearn, 2015). Once again, adults with this profile live in The Glebe.

Most likely the group facilitator will not be a subject or content expert but rather a group convenor and facilitator applying good learning design techniques applicable in group settings. The experts will be the MOOC professors complemented possibly by one (or more) of the peers within the face-to-face group.

How does this relate to the broader social, educational and technological trends?
Change, technological and other, will continue unflaggingly and exponentially in the future and needs to be embraced by all, young and old. Kevin Kelly (2016) in his video podcast "The Next 30 Digital Years", stated "what is inevitable in education is that we will become lifelong learners. You will need to learn the skills of how to learn and keep learning because there will be no alternative" (The Long Now Foundation, 2016).   Lifelong learning, defined as "(a) form of or approach to education which promotes the continuation of learning throughout adult life, especially by making educational material and instruction available through libraries, colleges, or information technology" (English Oxford Living Dictionary) is becoming, therefore, the norm rather than an option for adults.  Everyone who completes formal education must be ready for the reality that the "next day" is the beginning of their informal lifelong learning.

By participating in MOOCs, supported by peers in face-to-face meetings, lifelong learners will be learning important research skills which can be useful in both academic environments as well as in the workplace and in the community at large. As well, they will be practicing, in a peer-supported environment, digital age learning activities that all students may be embracing in the future. As Bates (2015) notes “(s)tudents will work mainly online and collaboratively, developing multi-media learning artefacts or demonstrations of their learning, managing their online portfolios of work, and editing and presenting selected work for assessment” (Bates, 2015, p.367).
References

Bates, A. W. (2015). Teaching in a digital age. Retrieved from http://opentextbc.ca/teachinginadigitalage/


Ottawa Neighbourhood Study. (2016). Retrieved from http://neighbourhoodstudy.ca/glebe-dows-lake/.

The Long Now Foundation. (Producer). (2016, July). Kevin Kelly. The Next 30 Digital Years. Podcast retrieved from http://longnow.org/seminars/02016/jul/14/next-30-digital-years/